The fact is that the use of plasmids as vectors is also associated with a number of problems. Plasmids are rather unstable molecules, and changes in them can occur at the most inopportune moment. Part of the injected gene therapy drug may simply stop working, before it has had time to bring relief to the patient. And scientists are still looking for the optimal solution to this problem, so gene therapy ...

Plasmids have a number of properties that make their use cheaper than the use of viruses: modern laboratory equipment makes it possible to obtain the same plasmids with the desired gene in any quantity. Also, the use of plasmids is safer than the use of viral vectors: the risk of developing an excessive inflammatory response when delivering the desired genes to the body using plasmids is eliminated, ...

In gene therapy, plasmids have proven to be an alternative to viral vectors used to deliver genetic material into cells. The genes needed for therapy are implanted directly into a circular DNA molecule, and then delivered to the cells of the human body, where plasmids can perform their function - the synthesis of proteins encoded in them. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722627/...

Plasmids are widely used in biotechnology and medicine, because they are small stations for the production of various proteins. One of the main examples of the use of plasmids is the production of insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus. Bacterial cells produce this protein hormone, which is then purified and can be used for medical purposes. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/fromdnatobeer/exhibition-interactive/recombinant-DNA/recombinant-dna-technology-alternative.html...

Plasmids are small double-stranded DNA molecules, usually closed in a ring. Such molecules contain from one to several genes, do not depend on chromosomes, and can reproduce themselves. In nature, plasmids are found in many organisms, but they are most often found in bacteria. For example, bacteria can use plasmids to become resistant to antibiotics.  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/66546...

Meat and shellfish should be subjected to thorough heat treatment, and pregnant women, if possible, should be relieved of the duties of caring for purring pets. If the latter is not possible, more attention should be paid to hand hygiene. In many countries screening of pregnant women for infections includes testing for toxoplasmosis, so pregnant women should be tested in a timely manner! https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/index.html...

Basically, infection occurs by eating raw shellfish, raw or uncooked meat, unpasteurized goat milk, and also by contact with the feces of a cat infected with toxoplasmosis. In these cases, the parasite enters the human body by being swallowed. It can also be transmitted from mother to fetus if the woman first became infected while pregnant. If the infection occurred before pregnancy, the transmission ...

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease and is usually asymptomatic. A woman's infection with toxoplasma during pregnancy is dangerous for the fetus. Miscarriage, stillbirth, hydrocephalus or microcephaly, underdevelopment of arms or legs, and the birth of a child with defects such as epilepsy may occur. Even if a child with congenital toxoplasmosis appears to be healthy at first glance, a delay in the ...

At first, it may seem that the main danger of honey for babies is its allergenic properties. Honey, of course, is an allergen, but it is far from the biggest danger associated with it. The fact is that honey can contain spores of the causative agent of botulism. For a baby, even very small doses of botulinum toxin are deadly, and unpasteurized farm honey often contains bacterial spores that can be ...

There is still no treatment that directly affects the virus. And antibiotics, of course, are not the way out, because they affect the bacterial flora. The main treatment is fluid intake. However, there is a vaccine against rotavirus infection that effectively protects children from the severe course of the disease. Moreover, more than half of vaccinated children do not get sick at all! However, it ...